THEORETICAL MODEL

            Theoretical model is a concept framed in the researcher's mind. This is also known as theoretical framework. It involves all underlying factors (variables) identified during the exploratory stage or in the literature review. Theoretical framework is simplified model which excludes all unnecessary complexities of the real life situation and includes every relevant factors determine a specific situation. These models are the clusters of variables shown as interrelated factors to one another. The logical positioning among variables set the further direction in the research process. The immediate outcome of the theoretical framework is the formation of researchable hypotheses.

Theoretical framework is the foundation on which the entire research project is based. It is a logically developed, described, and elaborated network of associations among variables deemed relevant to the problem situation and identified through such processes as interviews, observations, and literature surveys. Experience and intuition also guide in developing the theoretical framework. (Sekaran 97).

            While writing theoretical framework, researcher must have complete list of variables and their positioning in the family - here word family is used to express the scope of the model. These variables should be placed according to their role as dependent and independent. There are other variables which are playing important role but they are not directly independent in nature. These variables either intervene between two variables by explaining their interrelationship, or they determine the intensity of the relationship among variables. These factors leave serious affect on the outcome of the model. Likewise, in almost every research there are always some confounding or hidden factors which are not in the control of the researcher and they can surprise researcher at any time. These factors generate errors which are difficult to explain by the model. 

             Theoretical framework is then presented in the form of a diagrammatic, mathematical, or statistical model. The quality of these models depends on the level of hard work researcher has put in the initial exploration where all possible factors are nu-veiled.We call it a schematic diagram or the pictorial view of the theoretical model. This view provides immediate overall picture about all underlying factors and their positioning in the study.

(Author: Muhammad Azeem)

REFERENCES

Sekaran, Ume. Research Methods for Business A Skill Building Approach-4^th edition,2006;  John Wiley & Sons, Inc